Interactive particle physics simulator illustrating solid, liquid, gas, and plasma phase transitions.
Heat or cool the container to see how kinetic energy overcomes intermolecular van der Waals bonding.
The fourth state of matter: an ionized high-energy gas where valence electrons detach from atomic nuclei.
Molecular kinetic energy matches ambient vapor pressure, enabling liquid molecules to vaporize.
The theoretical lowest temperature (0 Kelvin or -273.15 °C) at which thermodynamic particle motion halts.
Recommended Educational Guide
States of Matter & Water Cycle